Thursday, July 7, 2011

Poultry Production

Common name Scientific name Egg weight (g) Incubation period (days)

Chicken Gallus gallus Linn 58 21

Ducks

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 60 28

Muscovy Cairina moschata 70 35-37

Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 85 28

Quail Coturnix coturnix japonica 12 16-18

Pigeon Columbia livia 17 18

Geese Cygnopsis cygnoides 200 30-31

Swan Olor columbianus 285 35

Ostrich Struthio austrialis 1400 42

Peafowl Pavo cristiatus 95 28

Pheasant Phasiannis colchicus 32 23-24

Guinea fowl Numida meleagris 40 28


Poultry – a collective term or all domestic birds rendering economic service to man. Domesticated animals are those than can live and multiply freely under the care of man.



Fowl – generally is a term applied to all poultry species specifically, applied to designate mature domestic cocks and hens. Poultry can refer also to the dressed carcass of fowls.



Poultry species – kinds of birds that are included in the term poultry (chicken, ducks, quail, turkeys, pigeons, geese, etc.)



Average live weight – average weight (in live form) of chicken during harvest/market age.



Beak – the projecting mouthpart of the chicken and turkey consisting of upper and lower mandibles; organs of prehension.



Bill – the projecting mouthpart of waterfowls, consisting of upper and lower mandibles.



Breeder – general term that designate the poultry raiser who produces fowls for any special purpose with the object of improving their value of in conformity with an agreed standard of excellence, the same term can be used to mean the animals used for breeding.



Breed – a race of domestic fowls which maintains distinctive characteristic shape, growth, and temperament and shell colors of eggs produced. Breed is a broader term than variety. Breed includes varieties, examples: Barred, White and Buff varieties of Plymouth Rock breed.



Broiler – meat type chicken commonly grown up to 35-42 days and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg live weight.



Brooder – a place where young chicks/ducklings are cared for after hatching until they have grown to a point where they no longer need additional heat.



Capon – caponized cockerels; usually grown up to 4 months and weigh up to 3 kg with more improved quality of meat.



Chicken – the most popular poultry species; different from turkeys, ducks, quails, geese, etc.



Chick – young domestic chicken while in the downy stage.



Clutches – group of eggs laid or successive days.



Cock/rooster – a male fowl one year old or over.



Cockerel – a male fowl less than one year old.



Comb – made of vascularized tissue growing on top of fowls head, this serves as an ornamental function, signs of status and condition of the male and for heat dissipation. The standard varieties of comb are single, rose, pea, V-shaped, strawberry, cushion and the buttercup; all other being modifications of these.



Crop – the receptacle in which the fowl’s food is accumulated before it passes through the gizzard.



Culls – old hens that had passed their usefulness or commercial egg production.



Debeaking – cutting part of the upper and lower mandibles with the use of electrically controlled cauterizing blade having a temperature of 815 0C to destroy the tissue responsible to generate beak growth, this is done to prevent cannibalism.



Down – the first covering of the chick whose major function is for insulation.



Drake – a male of the duck family.



Dubbing – cutting of the comb, wattles or earlobes so as to leave the head smooth.



Duckling – the young of the duck family in the downy stage of plumage.



Feed conversion ratio – volume of feed necessary to produce a kilogram gain in weight.



Hatching – the process where the fully developed embryo (chick) breaks out of the eggs.



Hatchery – a place where the facilities and process of incubation and hatching is done.



Harvest recovery – the number or volume of chicken sold/marked based on the number of day old chicks raised.



Incubation – period (in days) where embryonic development is takes place out of the body of the hen.



Layer – egg-type or dual-type 6 months old female that lays eggs.



Morbidity weight – number of chicken afflicted by disease.



Mortality rate – number of chicken that died based on the total number of chickens raised.



Oviposition – act o laying eggs.

Ovulation – mature ova released from the ovary which is affected by hormonal secretions (LH).



Plumage – the feathers of a fowl.



Poult – the young of a domestic turkey; the terms is properly applied until sex can be distinguished and when they are called cockerels and pullets.



Pullet – female fowl 5-6 months of age intended for egg production.



Pullet duck – a female duck less than 6 months old.



Primaries – the longest feather of a wing, growing between the pinions and secondaries, hidden when wing is folded, otherwise known as flight feathers.



Quill – the hollow, horny, basal part of stem of feather.



Secondaries – long, large quill feathers that grow between the first and second joints of the wing, nearest to the body, these are visible when the wing is folded.



Shank – the portion of a fowl’s leg below the hock, exclusive of the foot and toes.



Single comb – a comb consisting of a single, fleshy; serrated formation extending from the beak backward over the crown of the head.



Strain – a family of any variety of poultry that possess and reproduces with mark regularity, common individual characters which distinguish it from the families of the same variety.



Variety – a subdivision of a breed, a term used to distinguish fowls having the standard shape and other characteristics of the breed to which they belong but differing in colors of plumage, shape of combs, etc., from other groups of the same breed.



Wattle – the pendant growth at the sides and base of the beak.



Web of feet – the flat skin beside the toes.



Web – (web of feather) the flat portion of a feather, made up of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft.



Web of wings – the triangular skin attaching he three joints of the wings, visible when the wing is extended.

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